考研英语中有一个非常重要但却是很多同学谈之色变的语法点——比较结构。比较结构经常出现在翻译、阅读考点句等很重要的地方。如果不能正确理解比较结构,会出现有些句子理解完全相反或者根本无法理解的现象。因此掌握比较结构的应用至关重要。在基础阶段的学习,大家要对比较结构有初步的学习和了解,很多同学经常会被混乱的比较结构短语或句型弄得晕头转向,根本不知道怎么理解、怎么翻译。本文将对比较结构进行分类规整,让大家再也不会被繁杂凌乱的比较结构所困扰。比较结构分为以下三大类:

  一、as短语:

  (1) sth as A as B:既A也B

  (2) not as/so A as B:是B不是A

  (3) not so much A as B:与其说是A不如说是B

  二、more短语:

  (1) more than…:更加……;超过……;不仅仅是……

  (2) more A than B:与其说是B,不如说是A

  (3) no more …than…:同……一样不……

  (4) not… any more than…:同……一样不……

  (5) the more… the more…:越……就越……

  三、less短语:

  (1) less … than …:比……少

  (2) no less … than…:……和……一样

  (3) no less than…:不少于

  比较结构最突出的一个特点之一就是应用。如果仅仅是对比较结构的短语死记硬背,那么在考试时遇到句子还是不会分析。因此,上述结构的运用显得尤为重要。接下来将以真题句子为例,给大家演示比较结构句子如何分析,如何理解。

  例1:But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business。 (2006年第49题)

  [分析]

  A。 句子拆分:But his primary task is not // to think about the moral code//, which governs his activity, //any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business。

  本句的主语为his primary task,is not是系动词,to think about the moral code是表语,which governs his activity定语从句,修饰the moral code;any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business是比较状语从句。

  B。 词义确定:moral code道德准则;dedicate to致力于,献身于;exploration探究,探讨

  C。 参考译文:但是,他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行为的道德准则,就如同我们不能指望商人专注于探讨行业规范一样。

  D。 技巧点拨:本题考查的是no more than 的变体not…any more than,这两个结构都是表示两个事物之间的类比关系,由上下文可判断这里类比的对象是his primary task和businessman。该结构表示两者都否定。因此,主句需要否定,译为“他的主要任务不是……”,而且从句里谓语is expected是肯定形式,但翻译时一定要译成否定“不能指望”。

  例2:For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 1980s, down-shifting in the mid-1990s is not so much a search for the mythical good life—growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one—as a personal recognition of your limitations。 (2001 Text5)

  [分析]

  A。 句子拆分:For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 1980s, // down-shifting in the mid-1990s is not so much a search for the mythical good life//—growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one—// as a personal recognition of your limitations。

  句子开头for the women of my generation是介词短语作状语,其中who引导定语从句修饰women。句子主干为:down-shifting is not so much a search for the mythical good life as a personal recognition of your limitations。 其中双破折号中间为插入。not so much…as…是比较结构;其中,a search for the mythical good life和a personal recognition of your limitations为被比较对象。

  B。 词义确定:urge强烈要求;mythical 神话的;organic vegetables有机蔬菜

  C。 参考译文:对我们这一代在整个80年代曾被迫忙碌生活的女性来说,90年代中期放慢生活节奏与其说是为了寻求神话般的美好生活——种植自己的有机蔬菜以及冒险成为像有机蔬菜一样闲散的人——倒不如说是我们都认识到了自身的局限。

  D。 技巧点拨:本题考查的是not so much A as B 这一比较句型。比较的对象是两个名词短语:a search for the mythical good life 和a personal recognition of your limitations,是对down-shifting in the mid-1990s(90年代中期放慢生活节奏)这个事情的两方面进行比较,即同一事物的两个方面进行比较,所以此比较结构译为“与其说……不如说……”。

  综上所述,在基础阶段,要掌握以上两大类比较结构,除了记住这些表达之外,最主要的是要多在例句中对各个表达进行理解记忆。只要能在理解的基础上记忆,做到灵活运用以上短语,那么考生在考试中碰到任何的比较结构时,都不会再出现束手无策的现象,从此比较结构再也不是考生谈之色变的话题。