3.but后面的信息
据统计,四级听力含有but的考题中,考but之后的信息的占到95%,而考but之前信息的题目只有5%。以下一些例子中,可以体会but在各种话题的短对话中的使用情况。
1)数字计算题:
W: How much time did you have for writing the paper?
M: We were given three hours, but I finished it in less than half the time。
Q: How long did it take the man to write his paper?
本题中,but后面的信息和前面的信息结合才能得到正确的答案。数字题一般不会直接在对话中出现答案,大多数题目需要计算,而but就是计算的一个重要信息点。
2)因果关系题
此类题中,but后面常常跟着说话人提出做或不做某事的原因。比如回应对方的邀请时,说话人常常会这样表达:I’d love to, but I have to get this reading out of my way。这句话中,说话人没有直接拒绝,但使用but委婉地提出不去的理由。虽然没有出现because、since这样的表示原因的词,but起到了同样的作用。
3)请求建议题
例如:
M: It seems that we’ll have another fine day tomorrow. Let’s go to the seaside。
W: OK, but we’ll have to leave very early or else we’ll get caught in the traffic。
Q: What does the woman mean?
女性虽然同意,但是还是提出了一个建议。此题中but就是解题的题眼。
4)观点态度题
在英语中,but经常使用在表达自己真实想法的题目中。说话人往往先做出一个一般性的评论,然后用but引出自己的真实观点,因此but后面的信息变得至关重要。例如:
M: How did you like yesterday’s play?
W: Generally speaking, it was quite good. The part of the secretary was played wonderfully. But I think the man who played the boss was too dramatic to be realistic。
Q: How does the woman feel about the man’s acting in the play?
女士先表达了整体上戏很好,接着用but来转折,通过but一词可以推测后面的内容是负面的。可见but不仅引出重要的信息,还可以帮助推测。