1、有他这颗扫帚星,什么事情都办不成。
[误]With a comet like him,nothing can be accomplished.
[正]With a jinx like him,nothing can be accomplished.
注:“扫帚星”是中国人对“慧星”(comet)的俗称,因其后面拖着一条像扫帚一样的长尾巴而得名。在中国古代,“扫帚星”被认为是灾难的预兆,并被用来比喻不吉利的人或事;祸根:(person or thing that is thought to bring)bad luck(to sb/sth);curse.英语的comet虽然没有这层含义,但却有一个对应的说法,即jinx.
例:There's a jinx on/Someone's put a jinx on this car:it's always giving me trouble.(这辆汽车上有什么妨人的东西,总给我找麻烦。)
2、萝卜青菜,各有所爱。
[误]Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage.
[正]Tastes differ.
注:Tastes differ/vary是句英语谚语,除此以外,原句还可翻译成No dish suits all tastes或You can never make everyone happy等。此外,我们还可以这样说:One man's meat is another man's poison.总之,应采取意译。
3、他一向嘴硬,从不认错。
[误]He has always got a hard mouth and never admit a fault.
[正]He never says uncle.
注:say(cry)uncle:to give up or in;to surrender;to admit defeat.Mainly used by boys,as when fighting.这句话主要是男孩们打架时的用语,当一方想制服另一方时,就用命令的口气说:“Say uncle!”这时,有的孩子为了表示不服输,就是不说。后来,say uncle就成了“服输”的代名词,而not say uncle就相当于“嘴硬”了。
4、老师很喜欢这个嘴甜的小姑娘。
[误]The teacher likes this sweet-mouthed little girl very much.
[正]The teacher likes this honey-lipped little girl very much.
注:中国人喜欢说“嘴甜”,但honey-lipped更符合英美人的语言习惯。
5、同学们都很讨厌他,因为他经常拍老师的马屁。
[误]The students all dislike him because he often pats the teacher's ass.
[正]The students all dislike him because he often licks the teacher's boots.
注:以前在欧洲,臣民见到国王与王后往往要亲吻他们的靴子。后来,人们将lick the boots引申为“为了某种目的而讨好某人”,它与汉语的“拍马屁”含义一样。在美国英语中,“拍马屁”还有另一种说法,即polish the apple,源于以前的学生用擦亮的苹果来讨好老师。
6、你听说了吗?迈克把他的女朋友给甩了。
[误]Have you ever heard that Mike broke up with his girlfriend?
[正]Have you ever heard that Mike dumped his girlfriend?
注:break up with sb.虽然表示“与某人分手了”,但并没说明是谁先提出来的。而dump的原意指“倾倒垃圾”,用在这里则表示像倒垃圾一样地甩掉。
7、我们要把祖国建设成为社会主义的现代化强国。
[误]We will build our motherland into a socialist modern powerful country.
[正]We will build our motherland into a modern powerful socialist country.
注:形容词作为修饰语在汉语和英语中都很常用,但使用的先后次序却有所不同。在英语中我们一般遵循“靠近原则”,即越能说明本质属性的修饰词越靠近它所修饰的名词,当从这一点看不出区别时,就靠词的长短来决定,短的在前,长的在后。原文中最能说明“国家”本质的定语是“社会主义的”,所以socialist 要最靠近它所修饰的中心词。